This color is used for one mutation. There are 3 matches (with one mutation). 1) Jim H. Broome.  His mismatch is on a fast moving marker so I assume the faster .004 mutation rate in the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) Calculator & find the time to their MRCA is more than likely (50% chance) within the last 9 generations.  It is even more certain (90% chance) their MRCA was within the last 20 to 21 generations.  Naturally, the more generations one includes, the more certain that the MRCA lies within those generations.  20 means it is a total of 20 generations between Furman & Jim via their MRCA so divide by 2 & multiply by about 25 to 33 years per generation to get the start date of the span of years between now & then that their MRCA lived.  Thus 20/2 = 10 generations.  1020 gen. * 30yr/gen. = 300600 yrs.  2003 (now) - 300 600 = 1703 1403.  So their MRCA has a 90% chance of living between now & 1703 1403.  Or since Furman was b. 1938 & 1938 - 300600 = 1638 1338, we might say there is a 90% chance that their MRCA was born since 16381338.  These numbers are not at all precise.  Consider that the average age of each of their ancestors was 40 when their ancestor (who was that ancestor's son) was born & you get 400 800 yrs.  That would make their MRCA born since 1538 1138 (rather than 16381338).  Consider 20 years between births in their direct lines & you get 200400 yrs. = 90% chance of born since 17381538.  Consider a mutation rate of .002 & you get twice the number of generations (i.e. 40 generations divided by 2 = 20 generations for 90% certainty) which yields twice as long of a span in which the MRCA might have lived -- instead of the 200 to 400400 to 800 yrs. given above, we get 400 to 800 800 to 1600 years for 90% probability.  Click here for correction of not dividing by 2.

Disregard Jim Herbert BROOME's table, below.

Jim Herbert BROOME's table, below, (based on a mutation rate of .004) should be disregarded because (as shown in the following table) one mutation has fewer generations than zero mutations (based on a mutation rate of .002) for 90% & 95% probabilities.  The alternative mutation rates (.004 & .002) must be for presuming all markers mutate at one rate (either all at .004 or all at .002) & not just one marker, as I did below for Jim Herbert BROOME.  For Jim Herbert BROOME, use the same table as Dean Carl BROOME Jr.'s table, below, which is for a mutation rate of .002 for 1 mutation.  To see the error of using .004 for just one marker, notice the 2 red values in the following table.

Table showing Error of using .004 for just one marker
0 mutations at .002	7 gen	23.5 gen	31 gen
1 mutation at .004	9 gen	20.5 gen	25 gen
1 mutation at .002	17.5 gen	40.5 gen	50 gen
Conclusion: since the more mutations, the more generations to the most recent common ancestor, 1 mutation must have more generations than 0 mutations.  Such was not the case for .004 for 90% & 95%, shown in red above, so it is obvious that values (number of generations) for mutation rates of .004 must be for assuming all markers have a .004 mutation rate and we must not use values for mutation rate of .004 for Jim H. Broome just because his one mutated marker is a "fast mutating" marker.  To do so, would yield the absurdity that Jim is closer kin to the 5 perfect matches than the 5 perfect matches are to each other (for 90% & 95% probablities)!

Span of Time in which the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of Jim Herbert BROOME & the 5 perfect matches was born using Jim's year of birth: 1941
Probability->		50% chance	90% chance	95% chance	<-Probability
average length of generations	20 yrs.	20 X 9 gen = 180 yrs. MRCA b. 1761 - 1941	20 X 20.5 gen = 410 yrs MRCA b. 1531 - 1941	20 X 25 gen = 500 yrs MRCA b. 1441 - 1941	20 yrs.	average length of generations
	25 yrs.	25 X 9 gen = 225 yrs. MRCA b. 1716 - 1941	25 X 20.5 gen = 512.5 yrs MRCA b. 1428 - 1941	25 X 25 gen = 625 yrs MRCA b. 1361 - 1941	25 yrs.
	30 yrs.	30 X 9 gen = 270 yrs MRCA b. 1671 - 1941	30 X 20.5 gen = 615 yrs MRCA b. 1326 - 1941	30 X 25 gen = 750 yrs MRCA b. 1191 - 1941	30 yrs.
	33 yrs.	33 X 9 gen = 297 yrs MRCA b. 1644 - 1941	33 X 20.5 gen = 676.5 yrs MRCA b. 1264 - 1941	33 X 25 gen = 825 yrs MRCA b. 1116 - 1941	33 yrs.
Using the "High Mutation Rate" (.004), since Jim Herbert BROOME's mutation is on a "fast mutating marker" -- 449

Span of Time during which the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of Dean Carl BROOME Jr. MD & the 5 perfect matches was born using Dean's year of birth: 1952 Also the span of Time during which the MRCA of Jim Herbert BROOME & the 5 perfect matches was born
Probability->		50% chance	90% chance	95% chance	<-Probability
average length of generations	20 yrs.	20 X 17.5 gen = 350 yrs. MRCA b. 1602 - 1952	20 X 40.5 gen = 810 yrs MRCA b. 1142 - 1952	20 X 50 gen = 1000 yrs MRCA b. 952 - 1952	20 yrs.	average length of generations
	25 yrs.	25 X 17.5 gen = 437.5 yrs. MRCA b. 1514 - 1952	25 X 40.5 gen = 1012.5 yrs MRCA b. 940 - 1952	25 X 50 gen = 1250 yrs MRCA b. 702 - 1952	25 yrs.
	30 yrs.	30 X 17.5 gen = 525 yrs MRCA b. 1427 - 1952	30 X 40.5 gen = 1215 yrs MRCA b. 737 - 1952	30 X 50 gen = 1500 yrs MRCA b. 452 - 1952	30 yrs.
	33 yrs.	33 X 17.5 gen = 577.5 yrs MRCA b. 1374 - 1952	33 X 40.5 gen = 1336 yrs MRCA b. 616 - 1952	33 X 50 gen = 1650 yrs MRCA b. 302 - 1952	33 yrs.
Using the "Standard Mutation Rate" (.002), since Dean Carl BROOME Jr. MD's mutation is on a "Standard mutating marker" -- 391

Haplogroups are actually defined by a type of marker (UEPs) not tested by the commercial laboratories.  But ... genetic genealogists have tried to figure out haplogroups based on modal STR haplotypes given in Wilson's 2001 paper "Genetic Evidence for Different Male and Female Roles During Cultural Transitions in the British Isles".

The members of HG1 are thought to be the descendants of the Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who arrived in Europe before the last Ice Age about 40,000 years ago (Aurignacian culture).  That pattern is most common in Western Europe, but is also found in all other parts of Europe.

The members of HG2 are believed to be the descendants of two later waves of humans into Europe.  The last of these waves arrived about 8,000 years ago and is credited with introducing agriculture into Europe.  HG2 is most common in Southern and Central Europe, but that haplogroup is also often seen in those of Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian descent.

The haplogroup HG3 is seen more frequently on the eastern side of Europe (9% of the population of Turkey is HG3).  But HG3 is also common in Scandinavia, and is said by some to be indicative of "Viking blood" when seen in paternal lines originating in the British Isles.  The forefather of all HG3's is thought to have been born in the Ukraine during the last Ice Age about 15,000 years ago.

per http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dgarvey/DNA/markers.htm In 2002 the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) came out with a new classification system to standardize the way haplogroups are named.  In the new system the main branches are assigned letters - from A through R.  HG1 and HG3 just get new names -

HG1 is named as a sub-branch of the letter R known as "R1b",

and HG3 is in another sub-branch known as "R1a".

The situation with HG2 is more complex.  It turns out that several very different branches of the human Y-chromosome tree had been lumped together under the label "HG2".  In Europe, the HG2s included members of the F, G, I, and J branches.  Haplogroup "I" is found in Central and Eastern Europe, but also accounts for almost all the HG2s in Northern Europe and the British Isles.  Haplogroup "I" is thought to stem from a group (Gravettian culture) that arrived in Europe from the Middle East about 25,000 years ago.  The Gravettian culture was " known for its Venus figurines, shell jewellery, and for using mammoth bones to build homes".  The other parts of HG2 - Haplogroups F, G, and J - are more common in Southern and Eastern Europe.  They are believed to be the descendants of the Neolithic farmers from the Middle East who were the first to practice agriculture in Europe about 8000 years ago.

A fascinating map of the distribution of haplogroups in Europe is given on page 1156 of Semino's 2000 paper "A Genetic Legacy of Homo Sapiens Sapiens in Extant Europeans: a Y Chromosome Perspective".

Haplogroup R1b (HG1) is shown in green,

R1a (HG3) is shown in purple,

I is shown in blue, and F,G, and J are shown in red.

Other haplogroups shown on the map but not discussed here are haplogroup E3b (HG21 - shown in yellow), and haplogroup N3a (HG16 - shown in pink). per http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dgarvey/DNA/RelGen/YCC.html